Nearly one in two men experience prostatitis at different ages. This disease is associated with an inflammatory process in the prostate, which can be caused by stagnation processes in the pelvic region, various infections. In the event that the analysis result showed the presence of pathogens in the secret of the prostate, the doctor diagnoses bacterial prostatitis. Why does the disease develop and how is it treated?
Causes
Based on the name, it is clear that the main reason for the development of the disease is the ingress of bacteria into the prostate. Causal agents can be:
- Intestinal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Staphylococcus aureus.
- Enterococcus.
- Klebsiella.
- Enterobacter.
- Proteus.
- Sexually Transmitted Infections.
Many pathogenic microorganisms are always in the human body without harming it. However, when favorable conditions arise, the infection starts to actively develop, causing the disease. These favorable conditions for bacteria include:
- Urinary tract diseases.
- Bacterial infections that develop in the body and can enter the prostate through blood or lymph fluid.
- Prostate phimosis.
- Acute epididymitis.
- Urethral catheterization.
- Reflux (intraprostatic or urethroprostatic) when disease-causing organisms enter the prostate.
- Transurethral operations performed without previous antibiotic therapy.
- Violation violation due to abnormal bladder structure.
- Conditions associated with decreased immune defense (AIDS, diabetes, hemodialysis procedure).
When bacteria enter the prostate area, the pathogenic microflora begins to actively develop and an inflammatory process appears in the prostate.
Risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing prostatitis include:
- Frequent diseases of the genitourinary system of an infectious nature.
- The presence of helminth infestations and other parasites.
- Genetic predisposition.
- Incomplete or premature emptying of the bladder.
- Hypothermia.
- Irritation of the urethra with chemicals.
- Promiscuous sex life, lack of contraception.
Major Causes of Prostate Inflammation Development
- Prolonged sexual abstinence.
- The presence of bad habits.
- Weakening of immunity.
- Inadequate nutrition.
- Dehydration of the body.
- A sedentary lifestyle, which leads to the appearance of stagnation processes in the pelvic region.
- Frequent stressful situations.
Symptoms
It is simply impossible not to notice the symptoms of bacterial prostatitis, as this form of the disease begins acutely. The patient is concerned about:
- Increased body temperature, accompanied by chills.
- Painful sensations in the perineum, lower abdomen and lower back.
- Pain when urinating. The patient notices pain and a burning sensation in the urethra, which is especially strong at night.
- Difficulty urinating, feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.
- Constipation is possible due to the compression of the anus by an inflamed prostate.
- Signs of body intoxication (headache, general body weakness, body aches).
- Discharge of the urethra.
Symptoms of the disease also vary depending on the stage of bacterial prostatitis:
- Early in the disease, inflammation does not spread outside the prostate. The man is concerned about pain in the perineum, which may radiate to the sacral area. Urination is quick and painful.
- In the second stage, the inflammation passes to the lobes of the prostate. In this case, the pain increases and can be transmitted to the anus. The urination is significantly impaired, until its complete retention.
- With an advanced form of bacterial prostatitis, the inflammation spreads to all lobes of the prostate. The patient complains of signs of general body intoxication. Body temperature rises to 40 degrees. Delay in urination becomes acute. There are pulsating sensations in the perineum. Constipation occurs frequently.
Possible complications
In case of premature or poor quality treatment, acute bacterial prostatitis can seriously harm a man's health and life. The most dangerous of these is sepsis.
Also, the infection can rise above the prostate and cause pyelonephritis or cystitis.
Bacterial prostatitis can develop into a chronic form, which is often difficult to treat and leads to complications such as adenoma, infertility, impotence and so on.
Diagnosis
Because bacterial prostatitis has characteristic symptoms, it is often very easy to diagnose. If the disease is not acute, the doctor will perform a rectal exam by probing the area of the gland and taking a sample of the secretion for analysis. The following studies help make a diagnosis:
- Clinical and bacterial analysis of the patient's blood and urine.
- Prostate ultrasound.
- Blood PSA.
- Analysis of urethral epithelium scraping.
Treatment
The danger of bacterial prostatitis is that it can become chronic in the shortest possible time. Therefore, it is very important to start treatment by identifying the first signs of the disease. After all, the chronic form of the disease contributes to the spread of the inflammatory process to the surrounding tissues and organs. If you skip treatment and don't take certain medications, your prostate can completely atrophy.
Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial prostatitis. Only a doctor can recommend this or that drug after examination and obtaining the result of microbiological tests.
Treatment with antibacterials is considered to be the most suitable for the bacterial nature of the disease. Due to the fact that antibiotics are able to make organ tissues permeable, the drug can freely penetrate the site of inflammation.
In the treatment of bacterial prostatitis, the following antibiotics are prescribed:
- Ampicillins.
- Macrolide preparations are very effective in combating many disease pathogens.
- Drugs from the cephalosporin group are effective in the acute phase of the disease.
- Fluoroquinolones are highly susceptible to many bacteria. Because they have many side effects, these drugs are prescribed with caution.
- Tetracyclines can be difficult to tolerate, so recently they are very rarely prescribed.
The course of antibiotic treatment cannot be less than 10 days.
Also, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for treatment. They effectively relieve prostate pain and inflammation.
If problems with urination are observed, the patient is shown the use of alpha blockers, which lead to a decrease in tension in the smooth muscles of the urethra and bladder.
Bacterial prostatitis is often accompanied by a depressive state and frequent changes in the patient's mood. In these cases, the doctor recommends the use of medication with a sedative effect.
If the disease is severe, the patient needs detoxification treatment, which consists of intravenous administration of glucose, saline solution with trace elements and vitamin complexes. It is important that the man observe the drinking regime and drink at least 2 liters of clean water a day.
The drug treatment regimen for prostatitis should aim to normalize blood circulation in the pelvic region and increase the body's defenses. To do this, use:
- Vitamin and mineral complexes.
- Antispasmodics.
- Immunomodulators.
- Biologicals.
In addition to taking medications, your doctor will recommend making microclysters with a decoction of medicinal herbs (chamomile, calendula). The use of topical preparations in the case of bacterial prostatitis should be strictly limited, as there is a high risk of various complications.
After eliminating the inflammatory process, the patient receives physical therapy treatment (electrical stimulation of the prostate, magnetotherapy, etc. ). They help speed recovery and are performed on an outpatient basis.
In extreme cases, when the medication does not give the desired result, the doctor may decide for a surgical operation. This intervention consists of resection of the prostate and is usually performed in older men. This treatment is not prescribed to young people due to possible complications (enuresis, impotence, infertility).
If bacterial prostatitis becomes chronic, it is very difficult to treat. It must be remembered that it is no longer possible to do this at home.
Preventive measures
The best prevention of bacterial prostatitis is an active lifestyle. This is because the gland itself has an insufficient blood supply. Therefore, those who work sedentary need to take regular breaks to walk a little or do special exercises (pulling the muscles of the anus).
A contrast bath gives a good effect. In this case, a jet of water is directed directly to the perineal region. The use time of warm (hot) water is 30 seconds, cold - it should not exceed 15 seconds. The average duration of the procedure should be 5 minutes.
Preventive measures also include:
- Preventing body hypothermia.
- Fight constipation. If you cannot get rid of them yourself, you will need to see a doctor who will advise mild laxatives.
- Normalization of sexual activity (choice of permanent partner, use of condoms in case of doubtful contact, avoiding prolonged absences or excessively active sex).
- Regular preventive examination by a urologist for all men over 40-45 years of age.
Forecast
What are the consequences of bacterial prostatitis in men? The success of the treatment depends on how timely and competently the therapy was prescribed. Furthermore, this is influenced by the patient's age, lifestyle, stage of the disease and the presence of other diseases in the body.
The acute phase responds well to drug treatment, which, after a few days, significantly improves the man's condition. But with improper treatment or its interruption, a relapse and transition from prostatitis to the chronic form is possible, which ends up being much more difficult to cure.
To avoid the unpleasant consequences of bacterial prostatitis, it is important that men monitor their health, observe preventive measures and, in case of discomfort in the perineal region, consult a doctor.